NAME :-Olakiya Sonal Z.
ROLL
NO :-31
PAPER
NO :-1
SEMESTER :-1(one)
SEMESTER :-1(one)
YEAR :-2016-2018
EMAIL
ID :-sonalolakiya2405@gmail.com
SUBMITTED :-Dr.Dillip Barad Dept of Eng.
Smt.S.B
Gardi Maharaja
Krishnakumar Sinhji Bhavnagar University.
· Topic:
Critical
analysis of Dr. Faustus
Introduction
Marlowe is one
of the most suggestive figure of the English Renaissance, and great
predecessors of Shakespeare’s. He was an out standing figure amongst the
university wits. His importance can be judged from the opinion of many critics
that Marlow was the model for Shakespeare. Had there beer no Marlow, there
would have been no. Shakespeare, Shakespeare learn from Marlow at least two
major dramatic techniques. His "Theory of tragedy” and his 'Black
verse". He learn the concept of the "Tragic Hero" and “The
spiritual Conflict" through which the hero passes from Marlowe’s.
[1] Dr. Faustus
[2] King Edward II
Marlowe was the prime creative force in English literature
Marlowe's heroes confront the fates; they are not the sport of destiny.
His Edward II was a model before Shakespeare for his historical plays. “Edward
II" was the first complete historical play "Dr. Faustus", is the
best example of the blending of the morality play and spiritual tragedy. The
tragic lamentation of Dr. Faustus immediately before his, death is an
unparalleled example. of spiritual conflict in the soul of the tragic hero.
“Was this the face that launched
thousand ships, and burnt?
The topless toothless of ill sweet Helen
make me immortal with at kiss
Come Helen come give me my soul again
Here will I dwell, for
Heaven is in these lips."
Thus Marlowe the most powerful member of
the university wits laid down the strong foundation on which English drawn was
bruits on in the ages to come.
Marlow's
famous for four dramas.
1. Tamburlaine
2. Dr. Faustus
3. The Jew of Malta.
4. Edward II
Title
Although we know it today by its short
name doctor Faustus the full title of the play when it was first printed in
1604 was the tragic all histories of doctor Faustus.
Now consider the title of the chapbook that was Marlowe’s probable source for
his play "The Histories of the damnable life and deserved death of doctor
john Faustus ". It is a mouthful right? It seems that England just kept
getting shorter and shooter as time passed and boy are we grateful.
It should be short, simple and meaningful and suitable for play.
Plot
and subplot
Christopher Marlow's Famous Play “Doctor Faustus" is by Aristotle's
definition a tragedy along with the tragic plot main plot of the play there is
a comic, less serious subplot as well. This essay will aid to show how the
tragic main plot of doctor Faustus interacts with this plays humorous subplot.
The relation between the two plot, and how the occurrence of this subplot makes
the play even more tragic.
As a prologue, the chorus tells us what type of play "doctor
Faustus". It isn't about war and courtly love, but about Faustus, who was
born of lower class parents. This can be seen as different from the medieval
tradition. Faustus held a lower status then kings and saints but his story is
still worth telling. It gives an introduction to his wisdom and abilities, most
remarkably in academia, in which he excels so greatly that he is awarded a
doctorate. During this opining, we also get our first clue to the source of
Faustus's downfall. Faustus's tale is compared to the sun and fell to his death
when the sun melted his waken wings. This is certainly a hint to Faustus's end
as well as bringing to our attention the ideal of excessive pride which is
represented in the story of Icarus
In the play doctor Faustus reaches his downfall because he attempts to reach
beyond what he is capable of achieving in the opening of the play, Faustus
comments that he has reached the ends of every subject he has studied he
appreciated logic's being a tool for arguing; medicines being undervalued unless it
allowed raising the dead immortality; laws being upstanding and above him
divinity as useless because he feels that all humans commit sin, and to have
sins punishable by death complicates the logic of Divinity. He dismisses
it as "what doctrine call you this? Que sear, which Spanish for "what
will be, shall be".
Themes
Theme's means central idea of the play.
Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary
work.
[Sin,
Redemption, and Damnation]
Insofar as doctor Faustus is a Christian play, it deals with the themes at the
heart of Christianity understanding of the world. First, there is the idea of
sin, which Christianity defines as arts contrary to the will of god. In making
a part with Lucifer. Faustus commits what is in a sense the ultimate sin; not
only does he disobey god, but he consciously and even eagerly renounces
obedience to him, choosing instead to swear allegiance to the devil.
[Pride
/ Hubris]
The major theme of Dr. Faustus is the pride which goes before a fall. Faustus
sin in not his practice of necromancy but his denial of god's power and
majesty.
·
His
pride is the source of his damnation all the other sins committed by him are
various aspects of the sin of pride.
·
Even
his despair in the last scene of the play is another aspect of his pride
because it prevents him.
[Quest
for knowledge]
·
He
examines all the orthodox branches of knowledge and finds them wanting.
·
He
chose magic, for it promises a world of profit and delight of power of honor,
of omnipotence.
[Quest
for power]
·
A
desire to be 'omnipotent' or 'demigod'
·
Faustus
power exists more in his imagination than in fact.
·
Faustus
power is illusory, since at each stage he depends upon Mephistophilis.
·
When
He performs magic, the audience gets the impression that he is a practical
joker or a court entertainer.
[The
Divided Nature of Man]
Faustus is constantly undecided about whether he should repent and returns to
god of continue to follow his pact with Lucifer. His Internal struggle goes on
throughout the play as part of him of wants to do good and serve god, but part
of him lusts after the power that mephistophilis promises. The good angel and
the evil. Angel both of whom appears at Faustus's shoulder in order to arge him
in different directions, symbolize this struggle. While these angels may be
intended as an actual of supernatural beings, they clearly represent Faustus's
divided will, which compels Faustus to commit to Mephastophilis but also to
question this commitment continually.
Symbol
Symbol are object, characters figures, or colors used to represent abstract
ideas or concepts.
[Blood]
Blood plays multiple symbolic roles in the play, when Faustus signs away his
soul, he signs in blood, symbolizing the permanent and supernatural nature of
this fact. His Blood congeals on the page however, symbolizing; perhaps, his
own body's revolt against what he intends to do. Meanwhile Christ's
blood, which Faustus says he sees running across the sky during his terrible
last night, symbolizes the sacrifice that Jesus, according to Christian belief
made on the cross, this sacrifice opened the way for humankind to repent its
sins and be saved Faustus of course, in his proud folly, fails to take this
path to salvation.
Faustus's Rejection of the
Ancient Authorities
In Scene 1, Faustus goes through a list of the major fields of human knowledge
logic, medicine, law, and theology and cites for each an ancient authority. he
then rejects all these figures in favor of magic. This rejection symbolizes
Faustus's break with the medieval world, which prized authority above all else,
in favor of a more modern spirit of free inquiry in which experimentation and innovation
trumps the assertions of Greek philosophers and the Bible.
The Good Angel and Evil Angel
The angles appear at Faustus's shoulder early an in the play the good angel
urging him to repent and serve god, the evil angel urging him to follow
his heist for power and serve Lucifer. The two symbolize his divided will, part
of which wants to do good and part of which is sunk in sin.
Conclusion
Faustus was indeed a tragic hero. Many
scholars and literary experts may debate that, because this play was written in
the renaissance, Christopher Marlowe intended the Doctor Faustus be seen as a
martyr trying to attain that which was forbidden to man in a time when doing so
was the noble things to do. To begin with, he feels that he can justify his
turning to witchcraft and necromancy by his gaining of all other knowledge. He
also is a tragic hero because of his methods of using his new power. Finally,
he proved his tragic nature by trying to move above and beyond the limitations
set by god himself Faustus knew he had to abide by certain laws and rules that
god set aside for all of mankind.
However, because he was suborn, ignorant and blind he refused to see that he
was never truly damned until he was drug by the devils into the heart of hell
itself.
(critical essay)
critical essay. (n.d.). Retrieved
from http://www.enotes.com/topics/faustus/critical-essays
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