Sunday, 27 November 2016
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What according to Wordsworth should be the theme of poetry? Or write note on Wordsworth’s view on the subject matter of poetry.
Literary Theory&Criticism
NAME :-Olakiya Sonal Z.ROLL NO :31
PAPER NO :-3
SEMESTER :-1(one)
YEAR :-2016-2018
EMAIL ID : -sonalolakiya2405@gmail.com
SUBMITTED : - Dr.Dillip Barad Dept of Eng.
Smt.S.B Gardi Maharaja Krishnakumar Sinhji Bhavnagar University.
Topic: What according to Wordsworth should be the theme of poetry? Or write note on Wordsworth’s view on the subject matter of poetry.
William Wordsworth was born in cockermouth in camberland in 1770, the son of john and Anne Wordsworth. He went to school in Hawkshead, and then at the age of seventeen, went up to St. John’s College, Cambridge.
His main contribution in English as a poet. He was the great, supreme and prominent poet of the age. He wrote many works but some of them ‘The prelude’ and ‘preface to Lyrical Ballads’ his great and world famous works. Each and every line of their works is full of emotions, feelings and passions. ’The Recluse’ is also another great work of him. In this work’s name he was mentioned in the beginning of the ‘prelude’. He felt that it was-
Only completion of ‘The Recluse’ could he thought, justify the claims that he had made in challenging the supremacy of Milton’s Christian epic:
He was the great creature of poem on nature. In the “Advertisement” to the 1798 edition of ‘Lyrical Ballads’. Wordsworth and Coleridge state that the poems in the collection were intended as s deliberate experiment in style and subject matter. Wordsworth elaborated on these ideas in the “preface” to the 1800 and 1802 editions which outline his main ideas of a new theory of poetry. Even the language and imagery he used to embody those themes remained remarkably consistent. They remained consistent to the canons Wordsworth had set out in the ‘preface to Lyrical Ballads. ’In the second Edition of the ‘Lyrical Ballads (1802)’, he wrote ‘preface’ to defend himself from the negative reviews.
“Wordsworth argued that poetry should be written in the real language of common man, rather than in the lofty and elaborate dictions that were then considered “poetic”. He believed that the first principal of poetry should be pleasure and so the chief duty of poetry is provide is to provide pleasure through a rhythmic and beautiful expression of feeling. All human sympathy, he asserted, is based on a subtle pleasure principle that is “the naked and native dignity of man.”
Wordsworth’s poetic creed initiated the Romantic era by Emphasizing feeling, instinct, and pleasure above formality and mannerism. Wordsworth gave his works to human emotions, feelings and passions through their great imagination and style.
Wordsworth elaborated on these ideas in the “preface” to the 1800 and 1802 editions which outline his main ideas of a new theory of poetry.
Wordsworth explained his poetical concept:
“The majority of the following poems are to be considered as experiments. They were written chiefly with a view to ascertain how far the language of conversation in the middle and lower classes of society is adapted to the purpose of poetic pleasure.”
His work was very easy to understand. He wrote their ‘preface’ in the vernacular language. Because he believed that in uneducated country people as the ‘subject’ of poetry was a signal of shift to modern literature. That’s why Wordsworth wrote in simple and easily language and style. So, everybody can easily get it. One of the main themes of “Lyrical Ballads” is the return to the original state of nature, in which man led a purer and more innocent existence. Wordsworth subjected to Rousseau’s belief that man was essentially good and was corrupt by linked with the sentiments spreading though Europe just prior to the French Revolution.
Wordsworth changed the definition of poetry of the poetry that poetry should be about elevated subjects and should composed in a formal style, Wordsworth instead championed more democratic themes-the lives of ordinary men and women , farmers, paupers, and the rural poor. In the “preface” Wordsworth also emphasizes his commitment to writing in the ordinary language of people, not a highly crafted poetical one. True to traditional ballad form, the poems depict realistic characters in realistic in realistic situations, and so contain a strong narrative element.
Wordsworth views on the theme and subject matter of poetry:
Object (Subject matter of poetry): The principle object, them propose in there poems was to choose incidents and situations from common life and to relate and describe them, throughout as far as possible in a selection of language really used by men, and at the same time, to throw over them a certain coloring of imagination, where by ordinary things should be presented to the mind in an unusual aspect and further and above all to make these situations and incidents interesting by tracing in them, truly though not ostentatiously, the primary, the primary laws of our nature chiefly as regards the manner in which we associated ideas in a state of excitement.
Humble and rustic life (Subject matter of purity): Humble and rustic life was generally chosen, because that condition, the essential passions of the heart finds a better soil in which they can attain their maturity are less under restraint and speak a plainer and more emphatic language because in that conditions of life, our elementary feelings co-exists in a state of greater simplicity, and consequently may be more accurately contemplated and more forcibly communicated because the manners of rural life geminate from these elementary feelings and from the necessary character of rural occupations are more easily comprehended and are more durable and lastly because in that condition the passions of men are incorporated with the beautiful and permanent forms of nature.
Language: The language, too, of those men has been adopted – purified indeed from what appear to be its real defects from all lasting and rational causes of dislike and disgust because such men communicate with the best part of language is originally derived, and because from their rank in society and the sameness and narrow circle of their intercourse being less under the influence of social variety, they convey their feeling and notions in simple and unelaborated expressions. Accordingly, such a language arising out of the repeated experience and regular feelings is more permanent and a far more philosophical language, than that which is frequently substituted for it by poets, who think that they are conferring honor upon themselves and their art, in proportion as they separate themselves from the sympathies of man serves indulge in arbitrary and capricious habits of expression, in order to furnish food fickle appetites, of their own creation. Thus Wordsworth’s revolutionary of all the idea in his preface. He described the gaudiness and inane phraseology of May modern writers. He insists that his poems are written in “selection of language of men in state of vivid sensation”. His views of poetic diction can be summed up as: “There neither is nor can be any essential difference between the language of prose and metrical composition”.
Definition of Poetry: All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling and through this be true, poems to which any value can be attached were never produced on any variety of subjects by a man who, being proposed of more man usual organic sensible had also thought long and deeply.
Our confirmed infuses of feeling are modified and directed by our thoughts, which are indeed the representative of all our past feelings. By contemplating the relation of those general representatives to each other, we discover what is really important to men, so by the repetition and continuance of this act, our feelings will be connected with important subjects. If we be originally possessed of such sensibility, such habits of mind will be produce that by obeying blindly and mechanism the impulses of these habits, we shall describe objects and utter sentiments of such a nature and in such connection with each other, that the understanding of the reader must necessarily be in some degree enlightened and his affections strengthened and purified.
According to Wordsworth what is a poet?
He is a man speaking to men: A man, it is true, endowed with more lively sensibility more enthusiasm and tenderness.
He has a greater knowledge of human nature, and a more comprehensive soul, man one supposed to be common among mankind.
He is a man pleased with his own passions and volitions and who rejoices more than other. Man in the spirit of life that is in him delighting to contemplate similar volitions and passions as manifested in the goings on of the universe and habitually compelled to create them where he does not find them.
To these qualities he has added a disposition to be affected more than other men by absent things as if they were present. He has an ability of conjuring up in himself passions, which are indeed far from being those produced by real events, especially in those parts of the general sympathy which are pleasing and delightful. He can better remember the passions produced by real events which other men are accustomed to feel in themselves.
Then, from practice, he has acquired a greater readiness and power in expressing what he thinks and feels, feelings which by his own choice, or from the structure of his own mind, arise in him without immediate external excitement.
The function of poetry: “Poetry”, according to Wordsworth, is the breath and finer spirit of all knowledge, the impassioned expression that is in the countenance of all science.
Poetry seeks to ennoble and edify. It is like morning star which throws its radiance through the gloom and darkness of life. The poet is a teacher and through the medium of poetry he imparts moral lessons for the betterment of human life. Poetry is the instrument for the propagation of moral thoughts. Wordsworth’s poetry does not simply delight us, but its also teaches us deep moral lessons and brings home to us deep philosophical truths about life and religion. Wordsworth believes that “poetry of revolt against moral ideas is a poetry of indifference towards moral ideas is a poetry indifference towards life”.
Conclusion:
The “preface” is itself a masterpiece of English prose, exemplary in its lucid yet passionate defense of a literary style that could be popular without compromising artistic and poetic standards. It is also vital for us to understand what Wordsworth and Coleridge were attempting in their collection of verse and also provides us with a means of assessing how successfully the poems themselves live up to the standards outlined in the “Preface”. The preface covers a number of issues and wide-ranging in its survey of the place of the Lyrical Bollards on the contemporary literary scene
Citation: (material), material. (n.d.).
Monday, 14 November 2016
Indian village in kanthapura
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Indian Writing in English
NAME :-Olakiya Sonal
Z.
ROLL NO :-31
PAPER NO :- 4
SEMESTER :-1(one)
YEAR :-2016-2018
EMAIL ID :-sonalolakiya2405@gmail.com.
SUBMITTED :-Dr.Dillip Barad Dept of
English.
Smt.S.B Gardi Maharaja Krishnakumar Sinhji Bhavnagar University.
Indian village in kanthapura
Introduction
‘Kanthapura’ is one of the
famous novels by Raja Rao. He was born in 8 November 1908 Hassan, Mysore, India and died in 8
July 2006. He is famous for Novel, Short Story and Essay. Whose works deeply
rooted in Hinduism? The
Serpent and the Rope (1960) a semiautobiographical novel recounting a
search for spiritual truth in Europe and India,
established him as one of the
finest India prose stylists and won him the Sathiya Academy Award in
1964. For the entire body of his work, Raja Rao was awarded the Neustadt
International prize for literature in 1988.
Rao’s wide ranging body of work, spanning a number of works, is seen as a
varied and significant contribution to Indian English Literature, as well as
world literature.
His Notable Work
1).Kanthapura (1938).
2).The Serpent and the Rope (1960).
Raja Rao’s first novel “Kanthapura” is the story of a village in south Indian
name Kanthapura. The novel is narrated in the form of a “Sthalapurana” by an
old woman of the village, Achakka.
Kanthapura
is a traditional caste ridden Indian village which is away from all modern ways
of living. Dominant castes like Brahmins are privileged to get the best region
of the village whereas sudras pariahs are marginalized. The village is believed
to have protected by a local deity called Kenchamma. Through casteism the
village has got a long nourished traditions of festivals in which all castes
interact and the village are united.
Social background of Novel:
In Kanthapura novel Raja Rao expertise, society of Indian what they believe
culture and religious political etc… Kanthapura Novel show the society because
in Indian society rules are very difficult and hardy followed.
Writer wanted to show the mirror of Indian society background, Bhatt’s Other
social considerations hardly go farther. As for them tees said the better.
Bhatia was the only one who would have nothing to do with those ganglia
bhagans he wouldn’t have the city trouble in Kanthapura. On anodynes
besides his business construal he onward to government patron age. He was also
the elation agents and got two thousand for it. But Bataa fellow this bhatta
the remark made earlier in the novel has its overtones of indignation
castinas in our attitude towels him.
And here writer put the image of Kanthapura who we real whole novel the same
time we realized before society belong all spirit. Kanthapura name of villager
it was very old and their peoples uneducated and blindly believe anything villager
a siring bajan all songs and religious idea if image very old idea of raja Rao.
General Indian believed poor idea and reach religious the society rules were
more hardly to followed people. And Kanthapura is good expressed idea of social
value Indian cultural extent political even etc…
The novel
has a dormant pattern to the treatment of caster and communities of any
Kanthapura a village representative of any other village in south India.
In the beginning of the novel we endanger the whole village stratified and
hierarchies on the basis of caste creed and religion,
“Earlier in India Brahmin are major of role
Of in society and they were more religious
And idealized in society all other communist’s
People believed in Brahmin cast. And casteism
Also main part of the society.”
When novel organizes an open meeting to garner support to get moorthy out of
jail sends old man in turban belonging to upper caste flares up against all
Gandhi a stuff of caste mixing. The whole image also expressed the idea of
society in kanthapura novel because that time of cast mixing.
In kanthapura novel based on social even and try to repressed to truth by Raja
Rao he warded to explain their idolize and uneducated people and also political
even are main them of novel kanthapura. And background based was very mixed.
Woman
Condition in Society
The anther point is the oppression of
women by men. As it is discussed earlier that Indian is a land of great
tradition and culture woman is portrayed as an embodiment of sacrifice and they
are thought the virtues to be develop to become an ideal Indian woman. The
tradition patriarchal framework experts a lot from a woman. During the time of
general construction. The girl child aqueous pre-knowledge of her rights and
responsibilities and role and relations to be observable at both the natal as
well as in law’s home and gets that in such a way that the girls.
It also another large of oppression the oppression of widow in the society
their oppression was more in Brahmin community the woman who lost her husband
had to save her head and wear only white sari.
They
would not be allowed to participate in any good events and they could not come
before anybody who was leaving his house for work or for any good events. If he
happened to see a widow while leaving his house, it was consider ill women.
Women condition very difficult and men central character in society. The
fiction character Rangamma in this novel resembles the character of Rama in
reality; Rama was the founder of Aria Mahila was Sabah. As early in 1882 she
fought against male domination in the society and she founded saradha. Saradha
in Mahila Sabah she organized a lost of meeting for women and through her
revolutionary talk she made them realize the they should be independent and
come out of the walls built around them and come out of the walls built around
them and especially she demanded freedom for widows to decide their life and
remarriage. It was unacceptable and she was critiqued badly for her speeches.
She real all the puranas. Epics Vedas and Literature and found that there was
no justice for woman in anything.
In
Indian society more difference of other countries even now a day also not more
changes through. In novel main points are societies of kanthapura politician
religious colonies etc. Main themes are the novel kanthapura. Well I read book
at that time and I find kanthapura village quite same even today villages and
it also sow image of myth and Raja Rao view of colonies and Englishmen.
Kanthapura is the first major Indian novel in English by Raja Rao. The novel
deals with the civil disobedience movement of 1930.Mahatma Gandhi on the
participation of a small village of south Indian in the national struggle calls
for the story’s central concern.The villagers sacrifice all their material
possessions in a triumph of the spirit. It shows how the people of country
united at the time of movement and joined at the nonviolence movement to bring
independence from the British.Achakka narrator the whole story. She is an old
village woman and the story revolves around in a village kanthapura in south
India.
In this village there are clear discrimination between Brahman sudra and parish
quarters still the mutual bonding between the villagers are very strong and
they live happily with equal social and economical bonding.Rao depicts
beautifully the participation of the villagers in different festivals like
Dussera, puja ganesh jayanti etc…. The story of the Nobel belongs to
kanthapura, a small village in remote corner of south India.The people here
were mostly poor illiterate and backward.The village was caste ridden with
different quarters in it housing people of different castes the highest cast
being Brahmin the lowest the pariahs.People were extremely religious minded
goddess kenchamma was the president deity of the village.
The protagonist of the novel is a young Brahmin boy named moorthy staunch
follower of Gandhi.Once this boy found a half buried lingo in the village. He
dig it out installed it at another plays and buits a temple there. This temple
becomes the center of social life in the village. Moorthy arranged various
religious ceremony and kathas here. Once katha man jayaramachar mixed political
propagandas in his kathas. The foreign governments got a wind of
this and arrested him. A polish man bode khan was posted in the village, to
keep an eyes on the going on there. Being a mohmmendan he could get no
accommodation in the village the sahip of the neighboring skeffington.
Coffee instead opened a hut for him and logged him in the estate. The congress
committee of the nearby karwar city costumed moorthy. He came back to the
village looks of congress literature and spring wear home. Span khaddar discard
the foreign cloths and thus stop theconomic exploitation of Indians by
foreigners.
Conclusion
The novel starts with simple narration by
an old woman about one of the village in India, later it evolves to entire
India. The narration starts as tale is told to children by their grandmother as
it is the Indian tradition. Raja Rao has combined the myth for authentication
of his work by putting myth in novel he easily achieved his goal. Not only the
use of myth makes it popular but, his intellectual power, his imaginative
power, his ability to use and utilize the Indian the Indian and it’s his
knowledge of Indian culture and people.
(vala
jyotsna's assignment , 2015)
vala jyotsna's assignment . (2015, 10 26).
Retrieved from
http://valajyotsnabatch2015-17.blogspot.in/2015/10/paper-no-4-topic.html
Gulliver's Travels as a satirical Exploration of Fictions an illusion.
To evaluate my assignment click here
The Noe-classical literature
NAME :-Olakiya
Sonal Z.
ROLL NO :-31
PAPER NO :-2
SEMESTER :-1(one)
YEAR :-2016-2018
EMAIL ID :-sonalolakiya2405@gmail.com.
SUBMITTED :-Dr.Dillip Barad Dept of Eng.
Smt.S.B
Gardi Maharaja
Krishnakumar Sinhji Bhavnagar Univercity.
Topic: Gulliver's Travels as a satirical Exploration of Fictions
an illusion.
· Introduction
Jonathan swift was born in Dublin
in 1667.Through his parents were of English origin in,
swift loved the land of his birth and fought for the Irish cause with great
loyalty. England had invaded Ireland and conquered it. It had been taken away
from the Irish and Irish economy was at the mercy of the English
aristocracy who encored themselves and left their Irish tenants
in a state of affairs that prompted swift to write a fierce satire on
the English landlord in a modest proposal.
In this pamphlet he recommends with ironic seriousness, that
every Irish woman should produce children for the English man’s table . Swift
exposed the pathetic state of the Irish peasants whose only solution to poverty
would be able to sell their children as delicacies for the English noble man’s
table. Swift wrote a witty allegory on the religious controversies of
the time entitled A Tale of Tub. It is a celebrated satire on the corruptions
in religion conveyed through a simple story of three brothers Peter, Martin and
Jack who allegorically represent the Catholics, Anglicans and
non-conformists or Calvinistic respectively.
Swift’s greatest literary work is “Gulliver’s Travels” published in 1726.
Although swift professed to hate the species called ‘man’, he loved
individuals.”Gulliver’s Travels “is satire on human nature.
“GULLIVER’S TRAVELS” BY JONATHAN SWIFT IS
UNIVERSAL BOOK.
Along with sharp political
satire, it touches such important-mess themes as morality, religion,
politics, human nature and quest for sense of life “Gulliver’s travels” did not
lose its relevance now days because it is not only a sharp
political satire of the English government of the 18th century,
but also it refers to every political system who
practices injustice ways to choose leaders and ministers. “ A
Gulliver travel is considered a universal text due to his universal themes and
issues which discussed in the book. This book is about human nature in general
it is not restricted to one country or to particular group of people. We can
found Lilliput in our daily live not in the size, but in the ideas they are
representing. Moreover readers can identify easily with those strange
people Gulliver met for example, the Houyhnhnm represent
many of hypocrite’s people or governments who claimed that they are perfect and
has no vice in their society because they don’t know it is name but
they practice this vice. Gulliver travels is a universal text as it
talk directly to the reader and the more he go deep he found new
meaning for this text, asking for the nature of the human being like
what we watched in class when he says who I am? And this is a major concern of
the humanity which asserts that Gulliver’s Travels is a universal book. In
addition Swift is the one who concerns about the idea of life and death and the
concept of survival in humans mind.
The satire of Gulliver’s Travels
During the 18th century there was an incredible upheaval
of commercialization in London England as a
result, English society underwent significant, “change in attitude
and thought”, in an attempt to obtain the dignity
and spender of royalty and the upper class. As a
result English society held themselves in very high regards, feeling
that they were the elite society of mankind. in this novel, Gulliver’s travels,
Jonathan swift satirize this English society in many ways .in
the novel, swift uses metaphors to reveal his disapproval
of English society. Through graphic representations of the body
and its functions, swift reveals to the reader that grandeur is merely an
illusion a facade behind which English society of his
time attempted to hide from reality.
v VOYAGE-1 LILLIPUT:-
On his first voyage, swift places Gulliver in
a land of miniature people where his giant size is meant as
a metaphor for his superiority over the Lilliputians, thus
representing English society’s belief in superiority over all others.
We saw that Gulliver play with the small and tiny Lilliputian sometimes
he took the Lilliputians in his hand. He protects them and plays
with them. Like this way he is the owner and others are means Lilliputian are
his slave. He has a power. Because he was giant than the Lilliputian.
v VOYAGE:-2 BROBDINGNAG:-
In
this Brobdingnag the situation is reversed. Gulliver is now marooned
and dwarfed in the land of giants who are over forty feet tall. He
now becomes the midget he had laughed at in Lilliput Observed through
the microscopic eyes of Gulliver, the Brobdingnagian are hideous in
size and stature, and Gulliver realizes that he must have been just
as hideous to the little people in Lilliput. Here swift satirizes the physical grossness
of the human and the grotesque ugliness of the human body.
The malignancy of the human as a political
animal and the accompanying. Propensities for destruction
are podiatry in the person of Gulliver. He is little more Than
an insect in Brobdingnag and at his best, an amusing toy. His
glorious account
Of the English Political system and England’s preparations for war horrify
the benevolent concludes that the English must be “The most pernicious race
of little odious vermin
that Nature ever suffered to crawl upon
the surface of the earth”. Gulliver ends up in a miniature box which
is picked up by a giant eagle and dropped into the ocean.
“THE WANT OF WHICH KNOWLEDGE WILL EVER PRODUCE MANY PREJUDICES
AND A CERTAIN NARROWNESS OF THINKING FROM WHICH WE AND THE POLITER. COUNTRIES
OF EUROPE ARE WHOLLY EXEMPTED”
· VOYAGE 3 LAPUTA:-
A Voyage
to LAPUTA Brobdingnag, Luggna, Glubbudubdrib and Japan is a satire on
the scientists and philosophers of the age. The people of LAPUTA have
extra ordinary physical features, heads turned at an angle, one eye turned up
ward and the other inward. The Laputans, we are told, are so taken up with
Intense speculation
about theatrical mathematics that they constantly worry about
abstract issues such as the sun burning out or a comet colliding with the
earth. But they are totally in-pet when it comes to practical things like
constructing starlight walls for their houses. Though the people
of LAPUTA Swift ridicules the experiment of the Royal Society
and allied institutions of the time .His descriptions of the projects at the
academy of Lagado are brilliantly comic and emphasize their
impractical nature. For experimented with building, houses, starting at the
roof and working down to the foundations. Glubbdubdrib is the island of
sorcerers and magicians where it is possible to summon people who are dead
to make an appearance. Gulliver amuses himself by summoning Homer
and Aristotle and comparing them and others. In Luggnag, Gulliver en
counts the strange phenomenon of the struldbruggs, immortal beings with
decay in their bones and “deformities in extreme old age” (231) attending them.
The experiments of LAPUTA, Blanibarbi and Luggnagg do not yield any
thing their result. Only in misery, he decays Ann death. The freighting, emptiness and sterility in
of a purely scientific society is evident from this book. After a
brief journey to Japan, Gulliver returns to England before setting out on his
final voyage.
v Voyage:-4 Country the Houyhnhnm’s:-
A voyage-to the country
of the Houyhnhnm narrates the experiences of Gulliver in the
land of the Houyhnhnm or horses, and the land of
the Houyhnhnm or horses are creatures governed solely by reason, free
from any emotion or passions, while the yahoos who physically resemble
human beings are ruled purely by “animal” instincts. The human is
placed between the two extremes of rationality and minimalist
observed. From the Houyhnhnm view point, Gulliver or man whom the 18th century had
defined as an animal whose most striking feature was the ability to reason
is primarily a yahoo, with only glimmer of reason Gulliver is
repulsed at being identified with the yahoo sin the land of
the Houyhnhnm. In his conversation with the master-horse (whose
language Gulliver has learnt) he explains the customs practiced in
England, including the wearing of clothes by humans (who resemble the yahoos).
The government of the people, the legal system, and the uses of money as
instruments of purchase. Many of the concepts can not be translated
into the the Houyhnhnm language their vocabulary and range of
experience were limited. The horses with their total lack of feeling and
emotion are seen as being far from ideal. They are as dull and insipid as the
yahoos with their animal sensuality are revolting .Swift seems to indicate
to us that the nature of the human is complex and defies definition unlike
that of the yahoos and the Houyhnhnm. The book for all its harsh satire
and anger, instructs humans to see themselves with humility and
honesty; it condemns pride, ego and myopic self esteem. It urges every person
to use reason to be a good Christian.
v
Satire of Human nature
Satire is a literary genre in which human vices, weakness, foibles
and follies are held up to ridicule. Wit and humour are commonly used
as instruments of satire. Satirical writings were popular in England in
the 18th century some of the well-known satires of the period
include Pope’s The Rape of the lock, Manville's fable of the Bess and Swift’s A
modest proposal and Battle of the books which range from gentle to
biting satire reason and virtue were concepts central to the 18th century philosophical
discourse. While writers like Shaftesbury saw the humans as “naturally”
benevolent and endowed with virtue ,others like Swift perceived a disconnect
between moral standards set by society and actual ways of living. In Gulliver’s
travels Swift uses satire as a vehicle to point the depraved state of human
kind .Some critics have observed that Swift is a misanthrope because he paints
human nature as a whole in a sordid and redeeming features to humanity. Others
see Swift’s work as an attempt to join the human race out of
its complacency and turn them towards the direction of self
realization and redemption. Swift seems to be holding up a mirror to society so
that in viewing the gross magnification of its vices, humanity has a hope for
the future. Describing Swift’s satirical technique
Basil Wiley comments “His effort is always to strip the object
satirized of the film of familiarity which normally reconciles us to
it, and to make us see it as in itself really is, as the child saw the
unclothed emperor in Hans Andersen’s story.
The voyages to Lilliput and Brobdingnag focus on the flaws in human society, with
particular reference to English society. In Lilliput, humans are seen as
diminutive creatures, crawling about without dignity or grandeur.
Their efforts and institutions are devoid of significance and they seem to
wallow in empty pride. The situation is reserved in the next part where humans
are observed as physically coarse, vulgarian gross in Brobdingnag. Gulliver
grand presentation of the nature of English political and judicial institutions
is met with a caustic remark from the king on the pernicious nature of
the human being which reflects Swift’s own stance regarding the
hollow and contemptible nature of British legal and political
systems. The king is only Swift’s own vehicle of truth.
The satire on human nature becomes more pointed and sustained in the
third and fourth voyages. The Laputansare criticized for
their preoccupation with speculative reasoning
and theoretical abstractions that the sun may burn up one day that
the earth may collide with a comet and lead to total annihilation.
They are not concerned with the practical aspects of everyday
living. The projects undertaken by the member of the Grand Academy of Lagado
lend themselves to sharp humour and satire .The experiment range from
extracting sunbeams out of cucumbers to separating human excrement and reducing
it to its original poor and building houses starting at the roof and working
down to the foundations. Reason devoid of common sense
is satirized in this section. The ludicrous nature
of experimentation for the sake of experimentation and having no
basis in reality is highlighted here.
In the land of
the Houyhnhnm’s, the role of humans and animals are reserved .The horses
represent reason in all its perfection but they have no individual identity.
They appear to be the ideal human in the stoicism they maintain but
have no human qualities such as compassion or love. They are an reachable ideal
on the other hand the yahoos who resemble humans are despicable, sensual and
bestial Gulliver’s voyages conclude with humours satire as
Gulliver is so taken up with the “Noble Houyhnhnm and is so
impressed with their culture and their attitudes that he even imitates
their gain and manner, trotting and neighing like a horse. Satire in Gulliver’s
Travels also extends to human institutions, to politics and the state.
This will be examined in the section on Gulliver’s travels as a political
allegory.
v
FICTION AND ILLUSIO
In this novel
Swift create a longer fiction. It is a fiction and illusions because the
four voyages of the novel Gulliver’s travels are not real. The voyage of
Lilliput in this voyage we saw the tiny people they are so much tiny than
Gulliver, we saw that how they take Gulliver in the court, and the way they
live is different and they arrange food for Gulliver and all the things .The
world of tiny people ewe cannot saw in this real world .We cannot
believe that there is a world like this. So it is the fictions we cannot saw
the world like this but quite good. In the second voyage of the
Brobdingnag .The world of giant the people of that world are
the forty en chis and they are so much bigger than the
Gulliver. In this voyage the situation is totally reverse. In this
voyage Gulliver is became tiny people .In this voyage Gulliver treat like a pet
and a girl keep him like her pet and once she sold Gulliver in a market, he do
many tricks in front of the queen. So here Gulliver feels the
powerless person because in Lilliput he has power but in this world he is tiny.
In this voyage we saw the very giant men and also this type of giant world we
cannot saw in reality.
The voyage of LAPUTA the floating Island. The Island
was floating in the air, and people were lived in that island.
In the real life this type of island we cannot see .We can’t see the
Island which is floating in the sky so we can see that there is no
reality in this voyage, it is fictional and imagery world. The voyage
of Houyhnhnm s the master are horses and the yahoos who looking like
a man are slaves and this is also a fiction and illusion because in
real life we cannot saw the world in which animal are master who rule over the
yahoos or man. It is the world which cannot be seen in real. No animal can rule
over the man. So, we saw the entire voyage in this novel is not real, because
we see this type of world cannot be possible in this world. There cannot be
world like this.
v CONCLUSION:-
Swift represent the society and political situation of 18th century in
this time England, suffer from superiority complex and here he represent
the society of the England in 18th century he sari zed on the society
of England and also satire on the human nature. Swift creates a beautiful
fictional world and by a character of a Gulliver he has successfully
represent the society of England in 18th century.
(wikipedia)
wikipedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PXIjbWXpbAoC&pg=PR6&lIrony%20is%20a%20literary%20device%20by%20which%20an%20author%20uses%20words%20or%20expressions%20which%20mean%20more%20or%20less%20the%20exact%20opposite%20of%20what%20he%20intends%20to%20convey.pg
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