Paper no 8 Cultural Studies

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Paper 8 Comparison between media culture and cultural studies from sonal olakiya

Paper 7 : School of indan poetics with reference of different Scholars

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Paper no7 Literary theory and criticism from sonal olakiya

Discuss Eliot Concept of “ The emotion of art is Impersonal”.

Literary Theory and Criticism

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Name: Sonal Olakiya

Roll no: 23

Semester: 2(Two)

Paper: 7

Entrolment no: 2069108420170022

Email Id: sonalolakiya@gmail.com

Submitted by: Dr.Dilip Barad

Smt. S.B.Gardi Maharaja Kurshnakumarsinhji Bhavnager University.

Topic:

Discuss Eliot Concept of “ The emotion of art is Impersonal”.

Introduction:

Eliot is one of the long line of poet-critics which stretches right from Ben Jonson to our day, and includes such names as Dryden, Dr. Johnson, Coleridge and Arnold. Though he did not formulate any comprehensive theory of poetry, he was a conscious poet who had thought long and deep about the mysteries of his own art. His critical essays, reviews and editorial contributions and commentaries throw a flood of light on his view of poetry. An understanding of his poetic creed is interesting and desirable, for he is the only critic after Wordsworth who has much to say about poetry and the poetic process. His criticism comes from his “poetic workshop”, and hence its special significance.

T.S. Eliot’s Tradition and the Individual Talents Explanation. The emotion of art is impersonal. And the poet cannot reach this impersonality without surrendering himself wholly to the work to be done. These lines have been quoted from “Tradition and the Individual Talent’’ by T.S. Eliot. Here, Eliot tells us about his theory of the impersonality of poetry. The emotion of the poetry is impersonal and the poet cannot reach this impersonality without surrendering himself wholly to the work to be done. Eliot gates to put forward his theory of impersonality of poetry. The artist must constantly surrender himself to something greater than himself. His emotions and passions must be depersonalized. The poet must acquire greater and greater objectivity. He must be as impersonal and objective as a scientist. The personality of the poet is not important, the important thing is his sense of tradition and the matter of art.

T.S. Eliot states, "The emotion of art is impersonal. And the poet cannot reach this impersonality without surrendering himself wholly to the work to be done".

Impressions and experiences which are important for the man may take no place in his poetry; and those which are important in his poetry may play a very negligible role in his life and personality. The poet must suppress his personal feelings. "The progress of the artist is a continual self-sacrifice, a continual extinction of personality".

Reacting against Wordsworth's theory that poetry is "spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling," or that poetry has its origin in "emotions recollected in tranquillity." Eliot advances his theory of impersonality of poetry.

He observes : "Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion but an escape from emotion, it is not an expression of personality but an escape from personality." The general art is objective: "the more perfect the artist, the more completely separate in him will be the man who suffers and the mind which creates." As a matter of fact, the poet has no personality, he is merely a receptacle, a shred of platinum, a medium which fuses and combines feelings and impressions in a variety of ways.

Thus Eliot rejects romantic subjectivist and emotionalism. Inspiration alone is not a safe guide. It often results in eccentricity and chaos. Moreover, the doctrine of human perfectibility and the faith in 'inner voice' received a rude shock as a result of the First World War. It was realized that man is not perfect, and hence perfect art cannot result from merely the artist's following his inner voice. Some sort of guidance, some discipline, some outside authority was necessary to save art from incoherence and emptiness.

Eliot holds that the poet and the poem are two separate things and 'that the feeling, or emotion, or vision, resulting from the poem is something different, from the feeling or emotion or vision in the mind of the poet.' This he elucidates by examining, first, the relation of the poet to the past and, next, the relation of the poem to its author. The artist has to take something from the past, but at the same time he asserts his individuality, and while asserting his individuality he must be careful: he should remain objective. The progress of an artist is a continual self-sacrifice, a continual extinction of personality. In a work of art the past and the present fuse into a new compound.

Since the artist has a mind full of varied feelings, his mind is no more I- an a medium to combine them into a new shape, itself remaining i affected all the time. It may partly make use of the poet's own experience, 'but the more perfect the artist, the more completely separate in him will be the man who suffers and the mind which creates………. Impressions and experiences which are important for the man may take no place in the poetry, and those which become important in the poetry may play quite a negligible part in the man, the personality.' If this is also admitted, it will be found that 'poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from personality....The emotion of art is impersonal". It has 'its life in the poem and not in the history of the poet.' So 'honest criticism and sensitive appreciation is directed not upon the poetry.'

Unlike Wordsworth, Eliot prefers objectivity and intellect. He rejects Wordsworth's definition of poetry as 'emotion recollected in tranquility.' It is neither emotion, nor recollection, nor tranquility. The poetic process is a process of concentration of a very great number of experiences and this concentration is not conscious or deliberate.

Some critics have interpreted Eliot's observation that a poem possesses a life of its own and that a poet must extinguish his personality in the poem as an abdication of the poet's proper responsibility. Such interpretations need not be put to it. As Allen Tate has stated the developing poem furnishes the poet with certain norms for its own nurturing.

We have seen how Eliot lays emphasis on 'impersonality' in art. The main points of his impersonal theory of poetry can be summed up as under:—

1. The poem and the poet are two different things.There is no connection between the poet's personality and the poem. A poet is great not because he puts his personality into his work, but because he has a mind in which varied feelings enter into new combinations.

2. There are two kinds of emotions, of the poem, which are impure and crude, and of the poem, which are 'significant'. The significant emotion has its life in the poem and not in the history of the poet. The emotion of art is impersonal.

3. The poetic process is not that of the recollection of emotions in tranquility, but of concentration.

4. The poet cannot reach the impersonality without surrendering himself wholly to the work to be done. The progress of an artists is a continual extinction of personality.

5. Poetry is not a turning loose of emotions, but an escape from emotions, it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality.

6. The poet is a medium, not a personality. T. S. Eliot compares the poet with the catalyst. The mind of the poet is the platinum. The emotions and feelings are the gases. The more perfect he is as a poet, the less his own personality is involved. As the Sulphur and Carbon dioxide form Sulphurous acid, and the platinum remains unchanged, so the poet remains separate from his creation, though his feelings and emotions form new sum whole.

7. The poet's mind is a receptacle for seizing and storing up numberless feelings, phrases, images which remain there until all the particles which can unite to form a new compound are present together.' And it is not the "greatness", the intensity, of the emotions, the components, but the intensity of the artistic process, the pressure, so to speak, under which the fusion takes place, that counts."

Paper no 6 The victorian literature

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Discuss the portrait women characters in oliver twist from sonal olakiya

Paper no 5 The Romantic Literature.

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Difference between Classicism and Romanticism from sonal olakiya

Write critical note on the Significance of subtitle "A study of Provincial life" in Middlemarch.

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          The Victorian Literature

NAME                    :-Olakiya Sonal Z.

ROLL NO               :-23

PAPER NO             :-6

SEMESTER            :-2(Two)

YEAR                     :-2016-2018

EMAIL ID            :-sonalolakiya2405@gmail.com.

SUBMITTED         :-Dr.Dillip Barad Dept of Eng.

Smt.S.B Gardi Maharaja Krishnakumar Sinhji Bhavnagar Univercity.

Topic

Write critical note on the Significance of subtitle  "A study of Provincial life" in Middlemarch.

George Eliot(1819-1880)

George Eliot was the English novelist, journalist, translator and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. George Eliot was also known by her pen name "Mary Anne Evans ", she was born on 22, November 1819 and died on 22, December 1880. Her father, Robert Evans, was an overseer at the Arbury Hall estate, and Eliot kept house for him after her mother died in 1836. Her father remarried and Mary Ann had a good relationship with her two stepbrothers.

Her first novel “Adam Bede “and was a great success. She used a male pen name to ensure her works were taken seriously in an era when female authors were usually associated with romantic novels. After that her famous novels are,

•        The Mill on the Floss

•        Silas Marner

•        Romala

•        Middlemarch

•        Daniel Deronda

These all are famous novels by Eliot give a grand popularity to her brought social acceptance, and Lewes and Eliot's home became a meeting place for writers and intellectuals. The novels of the first period deal with life in the countryside in which she was brought up; the society is depicted as a strong and stable one. Eliot called them "natural history" or "history incarnate" and not fiction.

 Introduction

“Middlemarch” is written by George Eliot who was born on November 22, 1819. Eliot chose to write her novels under a male pseudonym Mary Anne Evans. This is a highly unusual novel. Though it is primarily a Victorian novel it has many characteristics typical to modern novels. The subtitle of this novel is “A study of provincial life.” This means the Middlemarch represents the lives of ordinary people, not the grand adventures of princes and kings. Middlemarch represents the spirit of nineteenth century England through the unknown, historically unremarkable common people.

“Middlemarch the psychology tends more clearly towards an intuitive idea of mind and consciousness.”

 Setting of the novel

Middlemarch is George Eliot’s sixth novel. The reaction to the novel has been a mixed one. Contemporary reviewers, in general, admired it four its life likeness for its characters which they felt were very true to life. In Middle march, the novelist returns once again to the English Midlands in which her girlhood had been passed and which had fertilized her imagination. The location of Middle march has been left indeterminate the setting has not been precisely delineated, as is the case with the other early novels like ‘Adam Bede’. The time of action of the novel is the period immediately preceding the reform Act of 1832? Middlemarch acquires a symbolic significance, symbolic of English, rural life in the 1830’s. What happens in Middle march was happening in provincial society.

 The Characters of Middlemarch

The canvas of Middle march is a crowded one. It is a long novel running into over eight hundred minutely printed pages in the penguin edition. There is a host of characters, so many that all of them cannot even be named in the space. The main characters may be divided into four groups. The first one is Brooks – consisting of Mr. Edword Brooke, his two nieces- Dorothea, the elder sister and Celia, the younger one. The reside at Tipton Grance near the town of Middle march secondly, there are the Vincy the father and head of the family is Mr. Walter Vincy, The elder son is Fred Vincy, the daughter is RosamandVincy and Mrs. Lucy Vincy, wife of Walter Vincy. The third one is the Garth family including Caleb Garth, Mary Garth. The fourth family is of Mr. EdwardCasaubon, a clergy and scholar. Middlemarch of the Minor character, the more important ones are Mr. and Mrs. Cadwallader, Trumbull, the auctioneer etc. The list is a long one and it is by no means exhaustive or all inclusive.

 Title:

In any literary work in title is more significant. As the title suggest, the novel gives us a realistic, vivid and comprehensive picture of provincial life of England. The picture is such that if there is any hero in the novel it is the society of Middle march. The novelist remembers her early girlhood and this gives the picture of truthfulness and vividness of her portrait of provincial life. The action in the novel takes place in Middle march or the neighboring parishes of Tipton, Lawic or Freshets. A host of characters belonging to every profession, age group and walk of life have been brought in, and through their action and interactions life in a limited region.

 Middlemarch has different types of plot and situations.

1.  Initial situations:

Dorothea marries Mr. Casaubon and Lydgates marries Rosamond. Here as the Victorian age Middlemarch is totally against it tradition when main protagonist gets married at the end of the first volume.

2. Conflicts:

The main problem is marriage here. Dorothea finally tied up with Mr. Casaubon and she doesn't look up to him enough. This way an another side Rosamond discovers that Lydgate lives for his work not for her. The both marriages became a major problem between couples.

“When a man has seen the woman whom he would have chosen if he had intended to marry speedily, his remaining a bachelor will usually depend on her resolution rather than on his.”

3. Complications:

Now another complication is happening when Dorothea becomes friend with Will Ladislaw. At that time Mr. Casaubon is feeling jealousy about it. “One can begin so many things with a new person! - even begin to be a better man.”

4. Climax:

Climax is like a soul of story and also valuable part of any story. Now Dorothea is ready for remarriage with Will, he feels like he can't go anywhere near her without people whispering about how he's only after her money.

5. Suspense:

Now one day Dorothea found Will and Rosamond together. There is a big misunderstanding happening by Dorothea, that there is a secret affair between Will and Rosemont.

 Frustration in Middlemarch

Frist we know about what is frustration? It means the feeling of being upset or annoyed as a result of being unable to change or achieve something. In novel one need only look to Lydgate to see an example of idealism being destroyed by the environment in which it is found. At the start of the novel, we are introduced to the "young, poor and ambitious" and most of all idealistic Doctor Lydgate, who has great plans for the fever hospital in Middlemarch. The second example of the young being destroyed by the old is that of Dorothea.This can be seen by her continuing desire to "bear a larger part of the world's misery" or to learn Latin and Greek, both of which are continually thwarted by Casaubon, though this ends after his death, with her discovery of his selfish and suspicious nature, by way of the codicil.

 A Conservative, Tradition Bound Society

This limited, isolated community has certain well-marked characteristics. For one thing, it is deeply conservative. Everything new, every hint of change, is looked upon with suspicion. Railways which are yet distant and far off are regarded as a threat to the agricultural way of life. Class distinctions are taken for granted, and every class carries with it, its own privileges. Class privileges protect a person, even when he or she behaves in a way inappropriate for the class to which he or she belongs. Thus Mrs. Cadwallader, a lady of high birth, descended from the nobility, haggles and bargains with common traders and cuts jokes with them, but nobody thinks of the worse of her for these reasons. The class to which she belongs shields her effectively.

 Stress on Birth and Family Background

“Middlemarch society, Birth still counts for a good deal, but money is more important”

The strength of the position of a man like Mr. Brooke is that he combines both advantages, and has never really been forced into the recognition that the advantages are separable. But others are; Lydgate a man of family, is compelled to beg money from the very middle-class has its gradations, and in reckoning these money is always more important than education or culture. People related by marriage may be separated by economic differences, like the Vincy and the Bulstrodes. And George Eliot is keenly aware of the perennial tendency of the sons and a daughter of the merchant class is to hanker after upper class status.

 Melancholy in Middlemarch

R.H.Hutton says, “It is a world not in sympathy with lofty aspirations, and to make this world convincing, and real, it was essential for her to give such a solidity and complexity to her picture of the world by which her hero’s and heroine’s idealism was to be more or less tested and partly subjugated as would justify the impression that she understood fully the character of the struggle. We doubt if any other novelist, whoever wrote could have succeeded equally well in this melancholy design, could have framed as complete a picture of English country and country town society with all its rigidities, jealousies and pettiness, with its through good nature”

 Conflict in the Town

Old and new both existed in Middlemarch. Old was dominant but new was future. Religion was divided into two. One is the practical kindly, unidiomatic tradition of Anglicanism, the best representative of which is Mr.Farebrother. The other is vehement and fanatical, is loosely called EvangelicalBulstrode and Tyke represented this trend. In Middlemarch, the two sects are in conflict, and the order is suspicious of the new.

 Conclusion:

In short, Middlemarch is such a great novel because of the solidity, vividness, truthfulness and comprehensiveness of the picture of provincial life presented in the novel. This makes it a valuable social document which tells us more about the real, day to day, common, provincial life of England in the 1830’s, than any book of history.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Different Cultures in Cultural Studies.

                 Cultural Studies

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NAME              :-Olakiya Sonal Z.

ROLL NO           :-23

PAPER NO         :- 8

SEMESTER       :-2(Two)

YEAR               :-2016-2018

EMAIL ID   :-sonalolakiya2405@gmail.com.

SUBMITTED    :-Dr.Dillip Barad Dept of English.

Smt.S.B Gardi Maharaja Krishnakumar Sinhji Bhavnagar University.

Topic:

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Different Cultures in Cultural Studies.

Introduction

There is no official definition of "Culture" settled on all over the world, and the definitions be inclined to rely deeply on who is doing the defining and for what function. Various definitions focus on culture tactics to identify the term, while others focus on the actor.

Probably, it's hard to settle on a perfect definition to which we can all agree, but it is practical to think of culture of its characteristics. The subsequent characteristics of cultural behavior are be tending- they depend on each other, although they vary from each other in significant ways.

According to the Documentary series of "our diverse world". I came out with these characteristics.

1. Culture is shared. Culture creates the behaviors of individuals intelligible to other people in the group. Making payments for difference from culture to culture, one shared constituent found in all cultures is an sympathetic in consider to sex role, that is the role a specific culture allocates to man and woman.

2. Culture is learned. Culture is not medicinal innate. The procedure that culture is went through generation to the next and this is called "enculturation”. Kids start understand their culture the moment they are born. Parents and extended family educate kids what is predictable of them in terms of family responsibility and aid to the household.

3. Culture is based on symbols. Much of human being manners is arbitrated by symbols. For example, the religious symbols found in most Christian homes symbolize a specific faith system and are used to be reminiscent people of their confidence and their ethical code. The most significant symbolic feature of culture is "language". Language stand for the most enveloping use of symbols in a culture for the reason that it use secret language to symbolize objects and ideas.  

4. Culture is integrated. The base of culture comprises three elements that work as one to remain the culture powerful: An communications provide the essential supplies of life, a communal decide how people interrelate with one and provide a faith system that help people recognize themselves, their civilization, and the globe around them.

5. Culture is dynamic. Once one element in the scheme shift, the whole scheme shifts to house. They and their family must adapt to new conditions with no losing their cultural identities.  

Is culture important in International business? It is absolutely for the reason that it provides people a unique individuality. The culture of a society offers its populace a nature of their own. Culture forms the character of a society. The language that a society verbalizes, the art shapes it hosts; its affix food, its mores, customs and revels include the society's culture. The significance of culture cannot be worried enough as it is an essential part of living.

Culture internationally, there are some counties are multicultural (i.e.: China, India). While many are mono-cultural (i.e.: United Kingdom, France). The aim of business is same everywhere, but the way to do it varies across countries. Global managers must be able to handle culture shock. Culture defines a set of acceptable & unacceptable behaviors which forms bases of "way of doing business". Managers learn how to do business. This process is called "secularization and socialization" - how consumer behave - how to manage people, suppler & subordinates - what guides the consumer behavior. Acceptable behavior in business is usually acceptable behavior in society. Successful managers tend to be good at acceptable behaviors and avoid unacceptable behaviors.

Difference from people to people.

First establish trust. Skilled negotiators identify genuine behavior of their counterparts and work towards establishing trust. Know their "silent language': - body behavior - cultural signaling - culturally sensitive subjects. Know what to say and when to say. Culture influences managerial styles and management decisions Global managers must be knowledgeable of both cultures. (local & home) A new global business vulture is emerging. Sensitivity to local issues is necessary for success. Global coordination is a must for global companies

Advantages and disadvantages of different cultures.

The diversity at workplace is increasing very rapidly. In fact because of the boom of multinational companies and extension of businesses across the national boundaries, it has become a very common practice to see cross culture diversity at workplace. There are both the benefits and the demerits of cross culture at the workplace.

The benefits includes that it increases the interpersonal skills of the employees. As people belonging to various cultures work together therefore, they understand the views of different people. It increases the teamwork skills in the people. Employees belonging to various cultures also increase the skills available to the company. People can better interact with each other and they develop the patience and competencies to compete with each other.

On the other hand the demerits of cross cultures in work place increases the conflict of interest. It can create biased and favoritism in the office environment because may be minority feel suppressed by the majority of the people. Moreover, cultural conflicts can also arise like language problems, dress code etc. But still I think cross cultural diversity at work place is really encouraging for the employees.

Today, in a completely linked globe, it is impossible to have a successful company with no conscious of cultural differences. Marketers ought to distinguish and recognize the elements of culture. These are the seven elements of culture: Material Life, Aesthetics, Social organization, Attitudes & values, Religion, Language and Education. More details are provided below.

Material life

Infrastructure is a good indicator of potential product demand, and the extent of the "material culture" has an impact on business decisions Economic infrastructure - consists of transportation, energy and communication systems Social infrastructure - housing, health and educational systems Financial/marketing infrastructure - provides the facilitating agencies for international operations (banks, research firms)

Aesthetics

Cultures have guidelines for good taste, expressed symbolism of colors, form, and music. For instance, Sex it is a selling point in many countries, the Europeans uses naked models, while they will need to wear a bathing suit in U.S. ads. In addition, In Japan, foreign models are used to convey the message

Social organization

Families affect the ways people relate to each other. For instance, the western families consists of parents & children. On the other hand, the Asian families often includes grandparents & other relatives. Through the family children learn how they are expected to act and what to believe

In addition, Social classes are different from country to another. Dividing the population into classes (lower, middle, upper) depending on what is important to the culture whether it is money, job, education or even ancestry. Marketers need to recognize the different social classes in each culture. For instance, U.S. have strong middle classes while many Asian countries have a big divide between upper and lower classes Reference groups, "an actual or imaginary individual or group conceived of have significant relevance upon an individual's evaluations, aspirations, or behavior." Primary reference groups (i.e.: family, friends)Secondary reference groups (i.e.: trade organizations)

Attitudes and values

Values: communal attitude or group norm that have been internalized by people.

Attitudes: estimation of alternative depends on values How cultural values can affect the international business: Preparation is performed, decision are prepared, plan is applied, people are assessed For instance in China, the marketer have to understand that creation of deals is more about collaboration than competition.

The Chinese accept as true that building relationships initial, tracked by business dealings. Unlike Egypt, they want to gain profit as soon as they launch their product and doesn't matter if there is a relationship or not.

Religion

Religion affects the way people behave and supports values that groups of people feel are important. The influence of religion is often quite strong.So marketers with little or no understanding of a religion may readily offend deeply. One's own religion is often not a reliable guide to other beliefs. Most people do not understand religions other than their own, and what is "known" about other religion is often incorrect. The Islamic religion is a good example of the need for a basic understanding of all major religions.

Religions affect consumption behaviours and the purchase pattern of the individual. For instance, Islam in the North does not allow beer parlours and imbibement of alcohol, whereas in the South beer are sold everywhere. Because of religion some married women cannot move publicly as they like. All these affect the MNC marketing performance. They must adapt their product and promotion to suit their area of operation.

Language

There are 6,000 language all over the world. English is the most important language since 20% of the world speaks English. Language is the foundation of culture, all cultures have a spoken language. nations who verbalize the identical language frequently share the same culture.

Language is significant in the business environment for the reason that language helps marketers to gather and evaluate Information, access to local society, company communications - need for interpreter, extends beyond communication mechanics to the interpretation of contexts.

There are more than one mistake made by large companies under the lack of cultural knowledge:

Gerber (2004), for instance, the well-known baby food, in French word means "vomiting". It turned out to be limiting when you go internationally. Therefore, Gerber isn't in France, and even though in the Gerber in the French Canadian web page, it says "Les aliments pour bebes Gerber resonant Jispnbiles pour l'instant qu'aux E tats-Unis" (translated in English: The baby food isn't here, seek the United States)

Furthermore in Chinese, the Kentucky Fried Chicken slogan "finger-licking' good" translated as "eat your fingers off" [13]  Volkswagen Jetty. though, the "J" doesn't exist in the Italy, so Jetta is said "Letta" that term misfortune. [14]

Non-verbal Language:

 Time: comfortable or strict? (i.e.: Cairo: transportation difficulties require more flexibility)

Space: how much space do people want around them?

Material possessions - what is the importance?

Friendship patterns - establishing personal rapport is a requisite to conducting business in some countries

Business agreements - lengthy negotiations or a simple hand shake?

Body language - use of hands, etc. when talking. Be careful of using hand signals!

These languages effects consumer behavior. To make consumer accept a product, language is used to promote the product. Advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and publicity cannot be effectively used without language. The MNC needs to understand this in going into any nations for any type of business.

 Education

Education affects all aspects of the culture, from economic development to consumer behavior. Educational levels can be assessed using literacy rates, enrollment in secondary education and higher education. To communicate with a literate market is much easier than communicating to one in which the marketer depends on symbols and pictures.

How marketers are affected by culture? How culture is affected by marketers.

The home country of the international venture is frequently the foundation of growth and primary expansion of the company. The host country is where multinationals have their supplementary.

The characteristics of international companies are that they effort to treat the diverse markets as one, to the degree that the host country regime allow. International business also react with the chances around the world and attempt to drag together different elements of the enterprises to take greatest benefit. Economics purposes, product separation, widespread advertising. [15]

When a corporation chooses to be involved in global preparations, marketers have to settle on which operational configuration will be in use to apply this international business..

The selection of a given composition is a purpose of both interior and exterior variables. The interior variables consists of: monetary capability, business policies, size and experience in foreign operation. The exterior variables consists of: financial and market information, lawful restrictions, non-tariff difficulties and political, social and cultural factors. [16]

If a culture is different doesn't denote that they are mistaken. Marketers have to recognize how their cultures affect their suppositions on another culture. The more foreign the circumstances, the more sensitive, liberal and elastic one needs to be. it will lessen disagreement and develop infrastructure and thus raise achievement in two-way relationships. in addition understanding of the origin and elements of culture, the marketer as well be supposed to have approval of how cultures vary and accept or reject new thoughts. for the reason that marketer frequently is trying to launch something absolutely new, or to develop what is previously in use, how cultures change and the way in which confrontation to change happens should be thoroughly understood.

Marketer have to understand every country carefully in terms of the planned goods or services and not to rely on an regularly used maxim that if it vends in one country, it definitely sell in other country. As international mass communications and improved financial and community interdependence of countries produce similarities between countries will raise and ordinary market behaviors, wants and needs will carry on to expand.

The extent of culture is board. It wraps every feature of actions of members in a civilization. The job of marketers is to regulate marketing strategies and tactics to the desires of the culture that they preparation to function. Whether modernism expand inside throughout innovation, testing or by mistake or launched from exterior.

Conclusion

No hesitation that the international business procedure will faces a big set of variables as it occur over diverse nations and act in diverse surroundings. One of the most determinant environment to the achievement of the global business procedure is Culture, that hold the cause for many individual perform and manners. accomplishment to that point marketer ought to learn intensely culture agreements of a country the corporation is planning to perform in. with the intention that particular alterations in the association generally plans and actions is complete to act in agreement with the new variables.

In my opinion, marketer need to build a good relationship with culture (like China), before start selling a product or/and service. Marketer must be aware of other culture and traditions that might affect the success of a corporation. Successful managers do a perfect research about the foreign countries not only about their economical, political and financial factors but also attitudes and behavior that might seems inappropriate to other culture. Egypt, for instance, is example of a country that majority of their corporation wants to make only a profit and not seeking for building a good relationships. Thus, china nowadays are more smarter, successful.

Citation:
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/cultural-studies/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-different-cultures-cultural-studies-essay.php.

Sense and sensibility is a novel of love and deception of kindness & greed explain.

The Romantic Literature

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NAME                    :-Olakiya Sonal Z   
ROLL NO               :-23

PAPER NO             :-5
SEMESTER            :-2(Two)
YEAR                     :-2016-2018 
 EMAIL ID            :-sonalolakiya2405@gmail.com.

SUBMITTED         :-Dr.Dillip Barad Dept of Eng

Smt.S.B Gardi Maharaja Krishnakumar Sinhji Bhavnagar Univercity.

Topic:

Sense and sensibility is a novel of love and deception of kindness & greed explain.

Introduction

         The seventh child and second daughter of Cassandra and George Austen, Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775, in Steventon,  Hampshire, England. Jane's parents were well-respected community members. Her father served as the Oxford-educated rector for a nearby Anglican parish. The family was close and the children grew up in an environment that stressed learning and creative thinking. When Jane was young, she and her siblings were encouraged to read from their father's extensive library. The children also authored and put on plays and charades.

Over the span of her life, Jane would become especially close to her father and older sister, Cassandra. Indeed, she and Cassandra would one day collaborate on a published work.

Jane Austen was an English novelist. She was educated primarily by her father and older brother. Her works, usually popular, were first published anonymously and brought her little personal fame.

As a child Austen began writing comic stories, now referred to as the Juvenilia. Her first mature work, Lady Susan written in epistolary from. This was preserved by her family but was not published until her death.

Austen wrote the novels that later became Sense and Sensibility and Pride Prejudice.

vSense and Sensibility is a novel of love

 This is the story of Elinor and Marianne Dashwood, sister who respectively represent the “sensibility” of the title with their mother their Margaret, and their stepbrother John, they make up the Dashwood family.

When the novel open Mr. Henry Dashwood dies leaving all his money to his first wife’s son John Dashwood his second wife and her three daughter are left with no permanent home and very little income. Mrs.dashwood and her daughter [Elinor, Marianne and Margaret] are invited to stay with their distant relation, the Middleton, at Barton Park.

Elinor Dashwood was nineteen year oldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Dashwood. She is sad to leave their home at Norland because she has become closely attached to Edward Ferrar.                             

Both love each other but at London he secret engagement to Lucy steel and ultimately he marries with Elinor.

At Barton Park Elinor and Marianne discover many new acquaintances, including the retired officer and bachelor Colonel Brandon.

 Marianne and Margaret go to hills at Barton in the rain. They enjoy a lot and suddenly Marianne falls down and twists her ankle. A Stanger, John Willoughby, who is staying at Allenham Court. Marianne and Willoughby fall in love.               

But after a short time, Willoughby leaves unexpectedly for London without explaining or declaring himself.

Ø Willoughby’s feelings for Marianne

There is some confusion as to Willoughby and true feelings for Marianne. Willoughby’s and Marianne both give the same account and the same explanations about Willoughby’s feelings for Marianne.

“When I first became

Intimate in your family, I had

No other intention, no other

View in the acquaintance

Than to pass my time

Pleasantly while I was

Obliged to remain in

Devonshire

Willoughby’s speech to Elinor confirms what Marianne had long before told her soon after the events of the ball.

With proof of both their hearts and both their words confirming the same thing we must talk with Marianne in saying.

“[Willoughby] is not so

Unworthy as you believe

Him… I my own soul could

Wish” [ch-29]

By their speech we can understand that they extremely love each other.

Ø Familial love

In Sense and Sensibility Austen show us a wide range of family relationship Mr. and Dashwood has tread daughter, Elinor, Marianne and Margret. Mrs. Dashwood is a like and loving mother but he wasn’t doing the best for her daughter.

Three sisters love each other and always ready for help. Elinor supports her younger sister Marianne. Margaret shares her sister Marianne romantic tendencies.

In Ferrars family they also love each other but they are selfish snobbish and wealthy manipula

vSense and Sensibility is a novel of deception

Sense and Sensibility is chock full of both. Many secrets much concealed within each characters, between characters, and between the author and the readers.

We believed that Elinor is all seeing, but indeed she often misunderstands, and wrong in her assumption. Willoughby is true romantic secret to all, as a good person. Majority character remains silent rather than reveal.

There is also an element of surprise in the unexpected arrivals of the various heroes.

We can also find one more element is manipulation. The story begins with a secret on his deathbed, Henry Dashwood requests his son to help her then why he gave his property to his first wife’s son John Dashwood. Mr. John Dashwood thought to offer a present of $ 1000 a piece to each of his sisters and Mrs. Dashwood is led to believe he will take care of them in some way.

All three of the male character has secret of a previous romantic entanglement of Colonel Brandon’s ward Eliza. We believe as Mrs. Dashwood and Elinor and Marianne do, that the unexpected departure.

Colonel Brandon also walking secret with his past of injuries and disappointment the story of his first love reveals in thought the novel-“I once knew a lady”.

Even Robert farers have a secret – his deceptive growing relationship with Lucy, reaming hidden.

But it is not just the men who have secrets, the women do as well- all of them! Lucy’s engagement, her “great secret” and her use of this to manipulate Elinor is what drives the plot. But Elinor is the keeper of secrets- she not tells to other about Lucy’s engagement. She keeps Brandon’s secrets; but she also conceals her own feelings about Edward.

Mrs. Jennings, certainly the most loveable of Austen’s cast of annoying character. In Mrs. Jennings we have the lover and teller of secrets, the good natured gossip, though she most often gets it all wrong. Austen’ belief in gossiping as nearly a living social entity that undermines the keeping of secrets.

vSense and Sensibility is a novel of Kindness and greedy.

This is the story of Elinor and Marianne Dashwood sisters who represent the “sense” and “sensibility”. Mrs. Dashwood has kindness for her daughter and she wants to help them but unfortunately she fail.

Edward Ferrars and Elinor, both have sympathy each other but Edward avoid Elinor and start affair with Lucy. She has been secretly engaged to Edward Ferrars. He is a greedy man her but he has also feelings on kindness for Elinor so that he ultimately marries with her.

Ferrars Family was wealthy but greedy. Fanny wants to keep whole property therefore she says to her husband that we keep property and give small part to sister and Mrs. Dashwood. Henry estate was inherited by John and he has nothing but ten thousand pounds to leave to his wife and daughter. It shows kindness for his family and on the other side give priority to son. John has already richness because he has fortune from his mother and is also married to the wealthy Fanny Ferrars.

Mrs. Dashwood and Marianne expect an engagement of Elinor and Edward, but Elinor is not so sure; she knows that Mrs. Ferrars and Fanny will object to Edward’s interest in her. Fanny takes exception to Edward’s fondness for Elinor and is so rude that Mrs. Dashwood at once rents a cottage fortuitously offered to her cousin, Sir John Middleton.

Dashwoods sister were innocent therefore they suddenly accept their first attraction toward Dashwood sister they start searching new friend and fortunately they got so they make affair with them.

vConclusion

Thus, the story of Elinor and Marianne, respectively represent the “sense” and “sensibility”. The novel open with negative description and it indicate that the novel will be full of tension or confusion. We can see “love” is center of the novel and element “money” create the problem between characters. In London Marianne waits for Willoughby for visit from. She writes several times but receives no reply. One day he leaves his card but never calls personally. It is a hypocritical person of some character.